A Idade Média: O Fim da Visão Teocêntrica e Afirmação Antropocêntrica.

Abstract

The Middle Ages, or Age of Faith, also known pejoratively as “Dark Ages”, “Night of a Thousand Years”, “Thick Gothic Night”, comprises an extensive period of almost a thousand years (476 to 1543 a.C) of much turmoil due to to various events on the European continent. Among so many events, there are numerous territorial invasions, constant wars, formation of several independent kingdoms, consolidation of the feudal system with an economy based on agriculture, servile labor with the vassalage relationship between serfs and lords, ruralization continent, little use of currencies, few external commercial contacts, fusion of Roman and Germanic culture, theocentrism and weakening of secular culture, strengthening of Christianity and growth of the interventionist power of the Catholic Church with exacerbation of powers, theocentrism is one of the notions that typically marked the Middle Ages. Conflicts in the Middle Ages between the countryside and the city grew. The demand for food products in urban centers was greater than the supply. New techniques for cultivating the land were created to meet the demand, but not enough. Overwhelming hunger, pestilence, rebellions and wars began to corrode Europe, and the feudal production system began to demand profound economic, social, cultural and political changes, providing the advent of a new era: the Modern Age. This new Age brought Humanism and in turn this current had anthropocentrism as its object of study, anthropocentrism was identified as one of the actions that marked the Renaissance and the very development of the Modern Age by placing man at the center of things, the posture anthropocentric expression manifested itself in works of art in philosophical treatises. This means to say that human feelings, forms and institutions were thought and observed with great attention. The study is structured in three chapters, in the first (I), a generalized approach was made to the literature that supports the subject under study, such as the genesis of the Middle Ages, characteristics of the Middle Ages marked by theocentrism and the end of the theocentric vision. The second (II) chapter addressed aspects related to the emergence of the Modern Age, its characteristics centered on theocentric denial and anthropocentric affirmation through humanism, without forgetting the religious reform that contributed to placing man at the center of the universe. In the third (III) chapter, the methodological description of the study was made, from a descriptive approach, classification of the research, type of research in terms of objectives and procedures.